Standard weight calculation for obesity, body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio method

Standard weight (kg) = Height (cm) - 105 - 2.5 (female)

③ Formula for calculating the number of Chinese citizens by region:

For people from areas north of the Yangtze River: Standard weight (kg) = [height (cm) - 150] × 0.6 + 50

For people from south of the Yangtze River: Standard weight (kg) = [height (cm) - 150] × 0.6 + 48

④ Adult male weight (kg) = height (cm) - 100 - [height (cm) - 150]/4

Adult female weight (kg) = height (cm) - 100 - [height (cm) - 150]/2

⑤ In addition, based on extensive surveys and tests, Chinese scholars have derived a method for calculating the standard weight in my country, namely: for young people aged 18-25, the following calculation method should be used:

Height 150 cm: Standard weight height - 102 kg

Height 150-155 cm: Standard weight is height minus 105 kg

Height 155-165 cm: Standard weight 105-107 kg (height minus)

Height 165-170 cm: Standard weight 107-109 kg (height minus)

Height 170-180 cm: Standard weight 109-111 kg (height minus)

Height 180 cm or above: Standard weight 111-115 kg (height - 111 kg)

For those over 25 years old, add 2-4 kg to the standard weight obtained by the above method to get the standard weight.

Because people's bone size varies, a difference of less than 10% between the measured weight and the standard weight is considered normal; a measured weight exceeding the standard weight by 10% to 19% is considered overweight; and a difference exceeding 20% ​​is considered obese.

Among them, those whose measured weight exceeds the standard weight by 20% to 30% are considered mildly obese, those by 30% to 50% are considered moderately obese, those by 50% are considered severely obese, and those by 100% are considered morbidly obese.

4. Body Mass Index Method

Obesity can be determined based on the relationship between a person's height and weight (i.e., body mass index).

There is a certain proportional relationship between height and weight in normal individuals; weight increases as height increases. The method for calculating body mass index (BMI) is:

Body Mass Index (BMI) = weight (kg) / height (m) squared

The normal range for body mass index (BMI) is 0.1933 to 0.2525 for men and 0.1951 to 0.2563 for women.

If a man's body mass index (BMI) is between 0.2526 and 0.2714, and a woman's is between 0.2564 and 0.2759, he is considered overweight. If a man's BMI is greater than 0.2714 and a woman's is greater than 0.2759, he is considered obese.

5. Waist-to-hip ratio method

In recent years, many obesity treatment experts have believed that the real cause of harm is "visceral fat" attached to important organs such as the small intestine and liver.

Therefore, to determine whether to reduce abdominal fat, if a CT scan and MRI are unavailable, the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) can be calculated as waist circumference (narrowest point) / hip circumference (widest point). If it exceeds 0.80 for women and 0.95 for men, it indicates that weight loss is needed.

In addition, using waist and hip circumference as standards is a better indicator of the degree of obesity.

For men, the waist circumference should not exceed 88cm if the weight is between 67 and 72kg; 91cm if the weight is between 81 and 86kg; 96cm if the weight is between 90kg; and 100cm if the weight is between 103kg.

**III. Causes of Obesity**

From a physiological perspective, obesity is mainly caused by an increase in the number and size of fat cells in the body. In other words, obesity depends on the number of fat cells in the body and the amount of lipids (including triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol, etc.) in the fat cells (which is equal to the total amount of adipose tissue).

Obesity that begins in childhood and persists into adulthood is primarily caused by a significant increase in the number of fat cells in the body.

People who become obese in adulthood mainly have fat cells.

Weight loss and body shaping therapy

Caused by hypertrophy.

Obesity that occurs in a short period of time is mostly caused by the enlargement of fat cells; while obesity that occurs slowly and over a long period of time is caused by both the enlargement and increase in the number of fat cells.

From the perspective of modern medicine, the causes of fat cell hypertrophy or increased number can be summarized into nine aspects.

1. Genetic factors

Some believe that obesity is closely related to genetics because genetics can reduce energy metabolism, leading to overeating and obesity.

According to foreign reports, if one of the parents is obese, the likelihood of their children being obese is 40% to 50%; if both parents are obese, the likelihood of their children being obese is about 70% to 80%, especially if the mother is obese.

Many genetically obese individuals are obese from childhood and often have hyperlipidemia (type III and V).

Furthermore, research shows that identical twins, growing up in the same environment, have similar weights; however, twins growing up in different environments have smaller weight differences than fraternal twins, and the weight of biological children is closely related to the weight of their parents.

This all indicates that genetic factors do have a certain influence on the development of obesity, but it is difficult to estimate the extent of this influence under common nutritional conditions and lifestyles.

Scientists have discovered the genetic patterns of obesity in laboratory animals, mice and rats. The distribution of adipose tissue and the age of onset of obesity in genetically obese mice are all different. Moreover, it has been found that the obesity of these obese mice cannot be explained by good appetite and large food intake.

2. Dietary factors

Excessive calorie intake, especially a high-fat diet, is the main cause of obesity.

Once fat enters the bloodstream, some is oxidized to provide the body with the energy needed for activities, some becomes part of cells, and some is converted into other substances. The excess is stored in "fat depots".

If you eat too much, the amount of calories your body takes in exceeds its normal expenditure, and the amount of fat from food stored in fat stores will increase, leading to obesity.

A balanced diet should include the following ratio of the three major nutrients: carbohydrates, protein, and fat: 6:1:0.7.

Adults only need 50g of fat per day.

According to a survey in Beijing, the average fat intake of urban residents was 31g in 1959 (10% of which was animal fat), while it rose to 68.7g in 1982 (50% of which was animal fat), an increase of 121.6%, which may be an important reason for the increase in obesity.

3. Activity Factors

Walking consumes 12.2 kJ (2.9 kcal) of energy per minute, running consumes 37.8 kJ (9 kcal) of energy per minute, while sitting consumes only 7.98 kJ (1.9 kcal) of energy per minute. Therefore, long-term inactivity and lack of exercise are another cause of obesity.

According to a survey of 2,331 obese people in Beijing, 1,328 of them, or 57%, lacked exercise.

4. Gender and Occupational Factors

There are more obese women than men. In a survey of 3,560 obese patients in Beijing, 2,345 were women, accounting for 67.3% of the total.

Obesity is related to occupation. Up to 60% of cooks are obese, 44% of food factory and brewery workers are obese, while only 15% of general workers are obese. The incidence of obesity is higher among mental laborers than among physical laborers, and there are more obese people among urban residents than farmers.